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Philipp Dubach shares personal projects and articles on finance, economics, and technology, focusing on quantitative finance and data science.

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The future of AI architecture lies in hybrid models that address the limitations of transformers, with AI systems evolving their own successors at an unprecedented pace.
The post analyzes the significance of Anthropic's Model Context Protocol (MCP) in AI integration and its competition with Google's Agent-to-Agent (A2A) protocol.
The post explores how the commoditization of AI models is reshaping the industry, drawing parallels to historical disruptions in the steel market and highlighting the implications for established companies.
Alphabet's projected 90% drop in free cash flow by 2026 highlights the risks of massive AI capital expenditures amid uncertain revenue growth.
A study shows that AI coding tools may hinder productivity, causing developers to take longer on tasks and increasing code review bottlenecks despite high adoption rates.
The post explores how AI, particularly GPT-5.2, challenges the stagnation in physics since the 1970s, highlighting its potential to revolutionize scientific discovery amidst ethical concerns.
The post explores how economic pressures and government contracts are reshaping the AI industry, particularly in relation to defense spending and consolidation.
Novo Nordisk's stock has crashed 75% since mid-2024 due to failed drug trials and increasing competition from Eli Lilly, leading to a bleak revenue outlook for 2026.
Novo Nordisk's stock has fallen dramatically due to the failure of CagriSema in trials, raising concerns about its competitive position against Eli Lilly in the GLP-1 market.
Insider trading in prediction markets like Polymarket poses significant regulatory challenges, threatening market integrity and necessitating oversight to ensure their reliability as forecasting tools.
The article examines insider trading in prediction markets, particularly Polymarket, and argues for regulatory measures to ensure market integrity and forecasting accuracy.
Super Bowl advertising, costing up to $23 million per 30 seconds, presents a complex economic landscape where competition can diminish ROI despite high viewership.
Super Bowl advertising, while costly, presents unique challenges and opportunities for brands, particularly in competitive markets where ROI can diminish significantly.
Super Bowl advertising, costing up to $23 million for a 30-second spot, presents a complex economic dilemma where competition can negate potential returns.
AI's limitations in replicating domain expertise highlight the increasing value of human knowledge, suggesting that collaboration between AI and experts is essential for quality outcomes.
AI's limitations in producing unique content highlight the growing value of domain expertise, suggesting that human skills will remain essential in an AI-driven world.
The EPI's Wero initiative aims to disrupt Visa and Mastercard's dominance in Europe by creating a cost-effective, interoperable payment network for 130 million users.
The EPI's Wero initiative aims to create a unified European payment network to challenge Visa and Mastercard by leveraging lower transaction costs and reducing reliance on American systems.
Harvard research indicates that managerial sabotage of top talent stems from rational behavior in flawed incentive systems, not just individual character flaws.
Tail hedging's real value is in enabling greater equity exposure and improved portfolio returns, rather than being a standalone return generator.
Tail hedging's real value is in enabling greater equity exposure and improved portfolio returns, rather than merely serving as a protective measure against market downturns.
Tail hedging can improve total returns by enabling greater equity risk-taking while mitigating drawdowns, challenging conventional views on the cost of options.
The analysis of 12 bank AI research reports reveals a consensus on AI's potential as a transformative technology, but highlights significant differences in optimism and empirical support among institutions.
The disconnect between economic metrics and public sentiment reveals a communication gap in economics, highlighting the need for a focus on societal wellbeing and lived experiences.